铃兰的功效与作用禁忌
铃兰的作用禁忌是什么?
铃兰制剂的副作用和毒性较洋地黄小,少数患者可产生厌食、流涎、恶心、呕吐等消化道症状。有的出现头晕、头痛、心悸等。铃兰毒原甙注射剂因含某种杂质,皮下注射可产生局部疼痛,不幸中毒时可按强心甙中毒的处理原则治疗。它的治疗安全范围大于毒毛旋花子甙。铃兰酊小鼠腹腔注射,半敷致死量为1.61±0.1238毫克/克。
要留意铃兰的化学成分
全草含卡烯内酯(cardenolides),铃兰毒甙(convallatoxin),葡萄糖铃兰毒原甙(glucoconvalloside),铃兰毒原甙(convalloside),去葡萄糖墙花毒甙(deglucocheirotoxin),铃兰毒醇甙(convallatoxol),铃兰种甙(majaloside)。单甙类有:异鼠李素3-半乳糖甙(isorhamnetin 3-galactoside),槲皮素3-半乳糖甙(quercetin 3-galactoside),山柰酚 3-半乳糖甙(kaempferol 3-galactoside);二糖甙类有:异鼠李素3-半乳鼠李糖甙(isorham-netin 3-galactorhamnoside),槲皮素 3-半乳鼠李糖甙(quercetin 3-galactorhamnoside)及山柰酚 3-半乳鼠李糖甙(kaempferol 3-galactorhamnoside);三甙类有:异鼠李素 3-半乳糖二鼠李糖甙(isorhamnetin 3=galactodirhamnoside),槲皮素 3-半乳糖二鼠李糖甙(quercetin 3-galactodirhamnoside)及山柰酚3-半乳糖二鼠李糖甙(kaempferol 3-galactodirhamnoside)。还含杠柳-6-脱氧古洛糖葡萄糖甙(glucoperigulomethyloside),比平多甙元-6-脱氧古洛糖甙(bipindogulomethyloside),毕平多甙元-6-脱氧古洛糖葡萄糖甙(glucobipindogulomethyloside),毕平多甙元3-O-6'-去氧β-D-古洛糖甙(bipindogenin 3-O-6'-deoxy-β-D-guloside),毕平多甙元3-O-α-L鼠李糖甙6'-去氧-β-D-阿洛糖甙(bipindogenin 3-O-α-L-rhamnoside 6'-deoxy-β-D-alloside),毕平多甙元3-O-β-D-阿洛糖甙(bipindogenin-3-O-β-D-alloside),沙门托洛甙元-3-O-α-L-鼠李糖甙(sarmentologenin 3-O-α-L-rhamnoside),沙门托洛甙元3-O-6'-去氧-β-古洛糖甙(sarmentologenin 3-O-6'-deoxy-β-guloside),沙门托洛甙元 3-O-6'-去氧-β-D-阿洛糖甙(sarmentolo-genin 3-O-6'-deoxy-β-D-alloside),沙门托西甙元3-O-α-L-鼠李糖甙(sarmentosigenin 3-O-α-L-rhamnoside),沙门托西甙元 3-O-6'-去氧-β-D-阿洛糖甙(sarmentosigenin 3-O-6'-deoxy-β-D-alloside),沙门托西甙元-3-O-6'-去氧-β-D-古洛糖甙(sarmentosigenin-3-O-6'-deoxy-β-D-guloside),叶绿素(chlorophyll)和类胡萝卜(carotenoid) 地上部分含坎纳醇-3-O-α-L-鼠李糖甙(cannogenol-3-O-α-L-rhamnoside),坎纳醇-3-O-β-D-甲基阿洛糖甙(cannogenol-3-O-β-D-allomethyloside),异鼠李素(isorhamnetin),槲皮素(quercetin),山柰酚(kaempferol),木犀草素(luteolin),芹菜素(apigenin),金圣草素(chrysoeriol),新铃兰毒原甙(neoconval-loside),铃兰毒原甙(convalloside)。 叶含杠柳鼠李糖甙(periplorhamnoside),3β,5,14β-三羟基-5β-20(22)-卡烯内酯3-α-L-鼠李糖甙(3β,5,14β-trihydroxy-5β-card-20(22)-enolide 3-α-L-rhamnoside),杠柳古洛糖甙(perigulo-side),萝藦甙元6-去氧-β-D-古洛糖甙(periplogenin 6-deoxy-β-D-guloside),灰毛糖芥强心甙(canescein),沙门托西甙元A 3β-O-α-L-鼠李糖甙(sormentosigenin A 3β-O-α-rhamnoside),沙门甙元α-L-鼠李糖甙(sarmentogenin α-L-rhamnoside),19-氢化灰毛糖芥强心甙即沙门甙元β-D-6-脱氧古洛糖甙(canesceol,carmentogenin β-D-gulomethyloside),毒毛旋花子甙元3-O-6'-去氧-β-D-阿洛糖甙-α-L-鼠李糖甙(ctrophanthidin 3-O-6'-deoxy-β-D-allo-side-α-L-rhamnoside),毒毛旋花子甙元3-O-6'-去氧-β-D-阿洛糖甙-α-L-阿拉伯糖甙(strophanthidin 3-O-6'-deoxy-β-D-allosido-α-L-arabinoside),毒毛旋花子甙元3-O-α-L-鼠李糖甙-2'-β-D-葡萄糖甙(strophanthidin 3-O-α-L-rhamnosido-2'-β-D-glucoside),坎纳醇3-O-6'-去氧-β-D-阿洛糖甙-β-D-葡萄糖甙(cannogenol-3-O-6'-deoxy-β-D-alloside-β-D-glucoside),坎纳醇3-O-6'-去氧-β-D-阿洛糖甙-α-L-鼠李糖甙(cannogenol-3-O-6'-deoxy-β-D-allosido-α-L-rhamnoside),19-羟基沙门甙元3-O-α-L-鼠李糖甙(19-hydrox-ysarmentogenin 3-O-α-L-rhamnoside),沙门甙元3-O-6'-去氧-β-D-阿洛糖甙-α-L-鼠李糖甙(sarmentogenin 3-O-6'-deoxy-β-D-allosido-α-L-rhamnoside),沙门甙元3-O-6'-去氧-β-D-古洛甙(sarmentogenin 3-O-6'-deoxy-β-D-guloside)。 花含杠柳鼠李糖甙,3β,5,14β-三羟基-5β-20(22)-卡烯内酯3-α-L-鼠李糖甙,杠柳古洛糖甙,萝藦甙元 6-去氧-β-D-古洛糖甙,铃兰毒甙,3',4',5,7-四羟基黄酮-6-鼠李糖甙(biorobin),生物槲皮素(bioquercetin),铃兰黄酮甙(keioside),异槲皮素(isoquercetin),山柰酚-3-O-β-D-吡喃半乳糖基-(2←1)-O-α-L-吡喃鼠李糖甙[kaempferol-3-O-β-D-galactopvranosyl-(2←1)-O-α-L-rhamnopvranoside],槲皮素-3-O-β-D-吡喃半乳糖基-(2←1)-O-α-L-吡喃鼠李糖甙[quercetin-3-O-β-D-galactopyranosyl-(2←1)-O-α-L-rhamnopyranoside]。 根茎含加那利甙元3-O-α-L-吡喃鼠糖基-(1→5)-O-β-D-呋喃木糖甙[canarigenin 3-O-α-L-rhamnopyranosyl-(1→5)-O-β-D-xylofuranoside]。根及根茎含去葡萄糖墙花毒甙,铃兰毒甙,铃兰毒醇甙,呋甾烷醇皂甙(furostanol saponin),螺甾烷醇皂甙(spirostanol saponin)。 种子含新铃兰毒原甙,铃兰毒原甙。
铃兰的临床应用是什么?
1.《东北常用中草药手册》:温阳利水。
治心脏病引起的心跳次数增加,心力衰竭,浮肿。
2.《陕西中草药》:强心利尿,活血去风,滋阴理气。
治风湿性心脏病,克山病,阵发性心动过速,心力衰竭,丹毒,紫癜,跌打损伤,劳伤,崩漏,白带。