苹果皮的功效与作用禁忌
苹果皮的作用禁忌是什么?
要留意苹果皮的化学成分
果实含L-苹果酸(L-malic acid),延胡索酸(fumaric acid),琥珀酸(succinic acid),丙酮酸(pyruvic acid),二羟乙酸(glyoxylic acid),草乙酸(oxalacetic acid),2-酮戊二酸(2-ketoglutaric acid),葡萄糖(glucose),果糖(fructose),蔗糖(sucrose),酒石酸(tartaric acid),草酸(oxalic acid)枸橼酸(citric acid),糖醛酸(uronic acid),异枸橼酸(isocitric acid),3-吲哚乙酸(3-indole acetic acid),谷氨酸(glutamic acid),多酚氧化酶(polyphenoloxidase),缬氨酸(valine),鸟氨酸(ornithine),赖氨酸(lysine),半胱氨酸(cysteine),去甲缬氨酸(norvaline),天冬氨酸(aspartic acid),β-苯基-β-丙氨酸(β-phenyl-β-alanine),组氨酸(histidine),色氨酸(tryptophane),甘氨酸(glycine),维生素C(ascorbic acid),乙醇(ethyl alcohol),正丙醇(n-propylalchol),正丁醇(n-butyl alcohol),异丁醇(isobutyl alcohol),正戊醇(n-amyl alcohol),正已醇(n-hexyl acohol),(-)-2-甲基-2-丁醇[(-)-2-methyl-2-butanol]3-已烯醛(3-hexenal),乙酸丙酯(n-propyl acetate),乙酸丁酯(n-butyl acetate),醋酸戊酯(n-amyl acetate),乙酸已酯(n-hexyl acetate),已酸乙酯(ethyl caproate),甲醛(formaldehyde),乙醛(acetaldehyde),正丙醛(n-propionaldehyde),正丁醛(n-butylaldehyde),2-已烯醛(2-hexenal),壬醛(nonylaldehyde),异戊酸(isovaleric acid),已酸(caproic acid),苯甲酸(benzoic acid),金丝桃甙(hyperin),越枯花青甙(idaein),果胶酸(pectinic acid),阿拉伯聚糖(arabinan),半乳聚糖(galactan),矢车菊素-7-阿拉伯糖甙(cyanidin-7-arabinoside),矢车菊素-3-半乳糖甙(cyanidin-3-galactoside),矢车菊素-3-阿拉伯糖甙(cyanidin-3-arabinoside)。果皮含叶绿素(chlorphyll)A,B,脱镁叶绿素(pheophytin),胡萝卜素(carotenes),叶黄质(xanthophylls),槲皮素(quercetin),槲皮甙(quercitrin),矢车菊素-3-半乳糖甙,矢车菊素-3-葡萄糖甙(cyanidin-3-glucoside),矢车菊素-3-阿拉伯糖甙,矢车菊素-3-木糖甙(cyanidin-3-xyloside),4-(5ˊ-羟基根皮甙-2ˊ-基)根皮甙[4-(5ˊ-hydroxyphlorizin-2ˊ-yl)phlorizin],芸香甙(ritin),金丝桃甙(hyperin),槲皮甙(quercitrin),槲皮素葡萄糖甙(quercetin glucoside),花色甙(anthocyanin),20-β-羟基熊果酸(20-β-hydroxy ursolic acid)2εˊ,20β-二羟基熊果酸(2εˊ,20β-dihydroxyursolic acid)。种子含油率22.1%-31%。种子油脂肪酸主要为棕榈酸(palmitic acid),硬脂酸(stearic acid),花生酸(arachidic acid),十六(碳)烯酸(hexadecenoic acid)。油酸(oleic acid),亚油酸(linoleic acid),亚麻油酸(linolenic acid),二十碳烯酸(eicosenoic acid),二十碳二烯酸(eicosadienoic acid),十九烷酸(nondecanoic acid),二十一烷酸(heneicosanoec acid),山萮酸(behenic acid)。种子含果胶,谷氧酸,天冬氨酸,天冬酰胺(asparagine),脯氨酸(proline),苏氨酸(threonine),精氨酸(arginine),丝氨酸(serine),胱氨酸(cystine),缬氨酸,亮氨酸(leucine),色氨酸,酪氨酸(tyrosine),苯丙氨酸(phenylalanine),(alanine),甾醇(sterol),胆甾醇(cholesterol),孕甾酮(progesterone)。果心含绿原酸(chlorogenic acid),根皮甙(phlorizin)。花粉含环木波萝烯醇(cycloartenol),矢车菊素-3-半乳糖甙,矢车菊素-3-葡萄糖甙。果汁中含山梨糖醇(sorbitol),甘露醇(mannitol),甘油(glyctrol)2,3-丁二醇(2,3-butylene glycol)。木材中含香草醛(vanillin),丁香醛(syringaldehyde),对-羟基苯甲醛(p-hydroxybenzaldehyde)。树皮含β-谷甾醇(β-sitosterol),无羁萜(friedelin),表无羁萜醇(epifriedelinol),顺式-4-羟甲基-L-脯氨酸(cis-4-hydroxy methyl-L-proline)。不带花芽的地上部分含精氨酸,天冬酰胺,谷氨酰胺(glutamine)。植株含(-)-表儿茶精[(-)-epicatechin],(﹢)-儿茶精[(﹢)-catechin],角鲨烯(squalene)。芽含天冬氨酸,γ-氨基丁酸(γ-aminobutyric acid),天冬酰胺,丝氨酸,谷氨酰胺。木质部树液含坡模醇酸(pomolic acid),坡模酮酸(pomonic acid),叶花茜木素(vanguerin),绒毛三萜酸(tomentosolic acid),叶花茜木酸(vanguerolic acid),根皮酸(phloretic acid),间苯三酚(phloroglucinol),对位和邻位香豆酸(p-、o-coumaric acid)。
苹果皮的临床应用是什么?
《滇南本草图说》:治反胃吐痰。